In some cases, women also need to have lymph nodes removed as part of their cancer surgery. Breast cancer can move from the breast to the chain of lymph nodes in the armpit region. The first lymph node in the chain is called the “sentinel” lymph node and can be identified by injecting a dye or radioactive tracer into the breast at the time of surgery. This dye or tracer is taken up in the lymphatic system and migrates to the lymph nodes. By identifying and removing the sentinel node, your surgeon can see if there is any sign of spread to the lymph nodes. If the sentinel node has no tumor cells, it is unlikely that lymph nodes further up the chain will have tumor cells.
If cancer cells are found in the sentinel node, then additional lymph nodes may be removed. This procedure, known as axillary dissection, also takes place during your cancer surgery and helps guide your cancer team’s future treatment planning.
Axillary dissection may cause swelling in the arm due to impairment of the lymphatic drainage from the arm. This swelling is called lymphedema. The Friedman Center also offers an innovative lymphatic surgery called LYMPHA, which is done at the same time as a lymph node removal, to help prevent lymphedema. The extent of your cancer, the size and shape of your breasts, and your personal preferences will help determine which of these surgeries may be right for you.